competitive
英 /kəmˈpetɪtɪv/美 /kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv/
adj. 形容词
竞争的;有竞争力的;竞争性的;好竞争的
基本释义
本义为“竞争的”或“竞赛的”,指与竞争相关的活动或情境,如competitive sports(竞技体育)。由此引申出“有竞争力的”之意,指某物或某人在竞争中占有优势,如a competitive price(有竞争力的价格)。再进一步引申为“竞争性的”,形容市场、环境等充满竞争,如competitive market(竞争激烈的市场)。最后引申为“好竞争的”,形容人的性格,喜欢与人较量,如a competitive person(好胜的人)。各义项间逻辑清晰:从客观的竞争事实,到主观的竞争能力,再到环境和性格特征。
构词与来源
源自拉丁语competere,意为“一起追求、竞争”,由com-(一起)和petere(寻求、追求)组成。英语中通过后缀-itive构成形容词,表示“与……相关的”或“有……性质的”。记忆时可拆解为com-(共同)+pet-(追求)+itive(形容词后缀),即“共同追求目标的”,引申为“竞争的”。
常见语境
competitive常用于学术写作和商业语境,如经济学论文讨论competitive advantage(竞争优势),商务邮件中提及competitive pricing(有竞争力的定价)。在新闻报道中,常见于体育、商业和就业市场报道,如a competitive race(激烈的比赛)。日常口语中,形容游戏或比赛时使用,如“Don't be so competitive.”(别太好胜)。法律文本中可能涉及竞争法(competition law)相关表述,但competitive本身较少出现。文学作品中也偶尔使用,形容人物或氛围,语气中性或略带贬义。
语法提示
competitive是形容词,常用作定语或表语。常见句型:be competitive with/in(与……竞争),如“Our products are competitive with theirs.”;remain competitive(保持竞争力)。注意区分competitive和competent(能干的),前者强调竞争,后者强调能力。易错点:不要将competitive与competition(名词)混淆,如“The competition is fierce.”而非“The competitive is fierce.”。另外,competitive后接介词in或at,如competitive in the market(在市场上有竞争力),competitive at sports(在体育上好胜)。
同义词区别
与competitive近义的词有aggressive、rivaling、vying等。aggressive强调进攻性、好斗,常带贬义,如aggressive marketing(激进营销);rivaling强调匹敌、不相上下,如rivaling teams(势均力敌的队);vying则强调争夺、较劲,如vying for attention(争相吸引注意)。在表示“有竞争力”时,competitive是最常用词,强调在竞争中具备优势;aggressive则更侧重主动出击的态势。在形容人时,competitive指好胜,而ambitious(有抱负的)则更强调进取心。选择时需根据语境判断是强调结果优势还是过程态度。
常见误区
competitive属于中性词,但在不同语境下可能带褒贬。商业语境中常为褒义,如a competitive salary(有竞争力的薪酬);形容人时,若过度使用可能暗含贬义,如“He is too competitive.”(他太好胜了)。语域方面,适用于正式和非正式场合,但学术和商务中更常见。常见误用:将competitive与competent混淆;或将competitive用于非竞争情境,如“a competitive book”(错误,应为interesting或good)。此外,避免与competitive advantage(竞争优势)中的advantage连用造成冗余,如“competitive edge”已含此义。
相关词条
搭配用法
- competitive advantage
- competitive market
- competitive price
- competitive edge
- highly competitive
- competitive spirit
- competitive salary
- competitive environment
实用例句
The company offers competitive salaries to attract top talent.
She is very competitive and always wants to win.
We need to stay competitive in the global market.
Competitive sports teach children discipline and teamwork.
The price is competitive compared to other brands.
In a competitive industry, innovation is key.