drop out of
英 /draʊp aʊt əv/美 /draʊp aʊt əv/
v. 动词
退出;退学;脱离
基本释义
本义为从某个位置或状态中掉出,如从容器或队伍中掉出。引申为主动或被动地退出某个系统、组织或活动。主要义项:1)退学,指未完成学业而离开学校,如“drop out of school”;2)退出竞赛、选举或社会活动,如“drop out of the race”;3)脱离社会或主流文化,如“drop out of society”。各义项均含“中途离开”的意味,强调未完成或不再参与。
构词与来源
“drop”源自古英语“dropian”,意为滴落或掉落。“out”表示向外,“of”引出范围。整个词组表示“从……中掉出去”,引申为退出。记忆时可联想“从队伍中掉出来”,即不再跟随。
常见语境
日常口语中常用于谈论辍学或退出活动,如“He dropped out of college.”。新闻报道中用于描述候选人退选或企业退出市场。学术写作中较少使用,多用于案例研究。语气上,口语较随意,正式场合则需搭配更正式的词如“withdraw”。
语法提示
不及物动词短语,后接介词“of”加宾语。常见句型:drop out of + 名词/动名词。易错点:不可直接接宾语,如不能说“drop out school”,必须加“of”。过去式“dropped out of”。
同义词区别
与“withdraw”相比,“withdraw”更正式,可用于主动退出,如“withdraw from the competition”;“quit”更口语,强调放弃;“leave”泛指离开,不强调中途。“drop out”特指未完成而退出,常用于学业或社会活动。
常见误区
语域中性偏口语,在正式书面语中慎用。感情色彩中性,但有时带负面含义,如辍学。常见误用:混淆“drop out”和“drop off”(下降或送下车)。注意“dropout”作名词指退学者。
搭配用法
- drop out of school
- drop out of college
- drop out of the race
- drop out of the program
- drop out of society
- drop out of the market
- drop out of sight
实用例句
He dropped out of school at 16 and started working.
The candidate dropped out of the race due to health issues.
Many students drop out of the program because it's too demanding.
She dropped out of the meeting after an hour.
After years of corporate life, he decided to drop out of society and live in a cabin.