flutter
英 /ˈflʌtər/美 /ˈflʌtər/
v. 动词 / n. 名词
飘动;振翼;颤动;慌乱;小赌注
基本释义
本义指鸟或昆虫快速而不规则地拍动翅膀,如蝴蝶的飞行。由此引申为任何轻快而不稳定的运动,如旗帜在风中飘动、树叶飘落。继而引申为心脏或脉搏的快速跳动,常因激动、紧张或疾病引起。再引申为情绪上的不安、慌乱或兴奋,如“陷入慌乱”。在英式英语中,还可指“小赌注”或“冒险尝试”,如“have a flutter on the horses”。各义项间存在从具体动作到抽象状态的引申链。
构词与来源
源自古英语 floterian,意为“频繁地飘动”,是 flotian(漂浮)的反复体,与“float”(漂浮)同源。构词上无前缀后缀,但词根 -flut- 与流动、漂浮相关。记忆时可联系“float”和“flit”,想象物体在水面或风中来回摆动。
常见语境
在日常口语中,常描述蝴蝶、鸟类或纸张的飘动,如“The flag fluttered in the breeze.”。在文学作品中,多用于营造轻柔、动态或不安的氛围,如“Her heart fluttered with fear.”。新闻报道中偶尔用于描述市场或情绪的波动,如“The news caused a flutter in the stock market.”。正式写作中较少使用,但可用于描述生理或心理状态的细微变化。英式口语中,用于“have a flutter”表示小额赌博。
语法提示
作动词时,通常为不及物动词,主语为飘动或振翼的事物,如“The leaves fluttered to the ground.”。也可作及物动词,意为“使飘动”或“使颤动”,如“The bird fluttered its wings.”,但较少见。作名词时,常用单数形式,搭配形容词如“a flutter of excitement”。常见句型:主语 + flutter + 副词/介词短语。易错点:勿与“flatter”(奉承)混淆。
同义词区别
与“flap”相比,flutter强调轻快、不规则的运动,而flap更强调大幅度的拍打,如“The bird flapped its wings.”。与“waver”相比,flutter侧重物理上的飘动,而waver多指犹豫或声音颤抖。与“vibrate”相比,flutter是可见的、幅度较小的摆动,而vibrate指高频的振动,常不可见。在描述情绪时,flutter多指兴奋或紧张的激动,而“quiver”则更侧重因恐惧或寒冷引起的颤抖。
常见误区
flutter语域中性偏口语,在正式写作中需谨慎使用。作名词时,在英式英语中“have a flutter”有赌博含义,可能带有负面色彩。常见误用:将“flutter”与“flatter”混淆,或误用为“flitter”(轻快移动),后者更强调快速移动而非振动。另外,在描述心脏时,医学上“atrial flutter”(心房扑动)是专业术语,但日常中“heart flutter”仅指心悸。
搭配用法
- flutter one's eyelashes
- flutter of panic
- heart flutter
- flutter in the wind
- flutter about
- have a flutter
- flutter down
实用例句
The butterfly fluttered from flower to flower.
She felt a flutter of excitement as she opened the letter.
The curtains fluttered in the gentle breeze.
His heart fluttered with anxiety before the interview.
He had a flutter on the horse race and won a small sum.
The bird fluttered its wings and took off.