guard against
英 /ɡɑːd əˈɡɛnst/美 /ɡɑrd əˈɡɛnst/
v. 动词
防范,提防;防止,避免
基本释义
guard against 的核心含义是“防范、提防”,指采取预防措施以避免某种危险、错误或不利情况的发生。其本义源于“guard”(守卫、保卫)与“against”(对着、抵御)的组合,即“守卫以抵御”。引申义包括:1)具体地防范身体或财产安全,如“guard against theft”(防范盗窃);2)抽象地预防错误、风险或疾病,如“guard against mistakes”(避免错误);3)在语言中常用于表达一种有意识的警惕行为,强调主动性。各义项均围绕“预防”这一核心,从具体到抽象,从行动到心态。
构词与来源
guard 源自古法语 garder(保卫),进一步追溯至日耳曼语源,与古高地德语 wartēn(注意、看守)相关。against 源自古英语 ongean(面对、相对)。组合后意为“对着守卫”,即“防备”。记忆时可联想:守卫(guard)站在对面(against)阻挡敌人,从而引申为“防范”。此构词直白,容易理解。
常见语境
guard against 适用于多种正式与非正式场合。在学术写作中,常用于论证预防逻辑,如“We must guard against overgeneralization.”(我们必须防止过度概括。)语气严谨。在商务邮件中,用于提醒风险,如“Please guard against delays in shipment.”(请防范发货延迟。)语气专业。在日常口语中较少使用,但偶尔出现,如“Guard against catching a cold.”(小心别感冒。)语气随意。新闻报道中常用来强调预防措施,如“The government is guarding against inflation.”(政府正在防范通货膨胀。)语气客观。法律文本中用于规避法律风险,如“The contract guards against breach of terms.”(合同防止条款违约。)语气正式。文学作品中可表达心理防御,如“She guarded against falling in love.”(她提防自己坠入爱河。)语气细腻。
语法提示
guard against 是及物动词短语,后接名词或动名词作宾语,不可省略 against。常见句型:主语 + guard against + 宾语。例如:“We must guard against complacency.”(我们必须防止自满。)也可用于被动语态:“The system is designed to guard against errors.”(该系统旨在防止错误。)易错点:不要将其与 guard(守卫)混淆,后者可单独使用且后面接宾语时不需要介词,如“guard the door”(守门),而 guard against 固定搭配。此外,against 后不可接不定式,只能接名词或动名词。
同义词区别
guard against 与 prevent、avoid、protect against 相近,但有细微差别。prevent 强调阻止某事发生,动作直接,如“prevent accidents”(防止事故);avoid 强调有意避开,如“avoid mistakes”(避免错误);protect against 强调保护某人或某物免受伤害,如“protect against disease”(保护免受疾病)。guard against 更强调警惕性和防御性,通常指对潜在风险的主动防范,语气比 prevent 更正式,比 avoid 更强调预防措施。选择时,若强调“警惕性”用 guard against;若强调“结果”用 prevent;若强调“主观避开”用 avoid;若强调“保护对象”用 protect against。
常见误区
guard against 属于中高语域,在正式写作和演讲中常见,口语中较少使用。无褒贬色彩,但带有谨慎、负面的预设(即存在风险)。常见误用:1)漏掉 against,如“guard errors”错误,应改为“guard against errors”;2)与“guard”单独使用混淆;3)against 后接动词原形,如“guard against do”错误,应改为“guard against doing”。注意搭配的宾语通常是抽象名词或动名词,如“complacency”、“overconfidence”、“making hasty decisions”。
搭配用法
- guard against complacency
- guard against errors
- guard against theft
- guard against disease
- guard against inflation
- guard against bias
- guard against overconfidence
实用例句
You should guard against catching a cold by wearing warm clothes.
The software is designed to guard against cyber attacks.
We must guard against making the same mistake twice.
In his speech, he warned us to guard against the dangers of complacency.
The new regulations guard against unfair competition in the market.
She always guards against revealing her true feelings.