spare sb. from
英 /ˈspeə ˈsʌmbədi frəm/美 /ˈspɛr sʌmbədi frəm/
v. 动词
使某人免于;使某人免受
基本释义
该词组的核心含义是“使某人免于(某种不愉快或困难的事情)”,其中“spare”本义为“饶恕、不伤害”,引申为“使避免、使免除”。各义项围绕这一核心展开:1)使某人免于痛苦、惩罚或困难,如“spare sb. from punishment”(使某人免受惩罚);2)使某人免于做某件不情愿的事,如“spare sb. from doing chores”(免于做家务);3)使某人免于知道或面对令人不安的信息,如“spare sb. from the bad news”(不告诉某人坏消息)。引申逻辑是:从“不施加伤害”到“不使经历不愉快的事”,再到“不使知道令人不快的事”。
构词与来源
该词组由“spare”和“from”构成。“spare”源自古英语“sparian”,意为“宽恕、饶恕”,与古诺斯语“spara”(节省)有关,后引申出“节省、吝惜”和“免除”等义。介词“from”表示来源或分离。组合后字面义为“从……中省出(某人)”,实际义为“使某人免于……”。记忆时可联想:将某人从某种不愉快中“省去”或“抽离”出来。
常见语境
该词组常用于正式或半正式语境,如新闻报道(“The government spared the company from bankruptcy”)、法律文本(“The court spared him from jail time”)、商务邮件(“Please spare me from the detailed report”)。在日常口语中较少用,更常见的是“spare sb. sth.”结构,如“Spare me the details.”(别跟我讲细节了)。在文学作品中,可用于表达仁慈或免除痛苦,如“She spared him from the truth.”语气较为正式、书面化。
语法提示
“spare sb. from”是及物动词短语,后接名词或动名词。常见句型:1)“spare sb. from + 名词/动名词”,如“spare the children from harm”;2)被动语态“be spared from”,如“They were spared from the disaster”。易错点:不可省略“from”后接动词原形,应使用动名词形式;另外,注意与“spare sb. sth.”(如“spare me the details”)区分,后者中“sb.”和“sth.”都是宾语,无介词。
同义词区别
与“save sb. from”相比,“spare sb. from”更强调主动避免或免除,带有“宽恕”或“仁慈”的意味;而“save”更强调“拯救”免于危险。例如,“spare him from embarrassment”(使他免于尴尬)侧重避免难堪,“save him from drowning”(救他免于溺水)侧重实际拯救。与“exempt sb. from”相比,“exempt”更正式,常指法律或规则上免除义务,如“exempt from tax”;而“spare from”更侧重免除痛苦或困难。
常见误区
该词组语域偏正式,日常口语中较少使用,口语中常用“spare sb. sth.”或“let sb. off”。情感色彩中性,但带有正面意味,表示施予仁慈或避免伤害。常见误用包括:误将“from”后接动词原形,应改为动名词;或与“spare no effort”(不遗余力)混淆,后者表示尽力做某事。
搭配用法
- spare sb. from punishment
- spare sb. from embarrassment
- spare sb. from harm
- spare sb. from death
- spare sb. from suffering
- be spared from disaster
- spare sb. from doing sth.
实用例句
The teacher spared the students from the final exam due to their hard work.
He was spared from the humiliation of a public apology.
The good news spared her from worrying about the future.
The judge spared the young offender from prison, giving him a second chance.
Please spare me from the details of your trip; I'm too tired.